BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)



BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)                                              BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)

NAME
       bundle-update - Update your gems to the latest available versions

SYNOPSIS
       bundle  update  *gems  [--all] [--group=NAME] [--source=NAME] [--local]
       [--ruby] [--bundler[=VERSION]] [--full-index]  [--jobs=JOBS]  [--quiet]
       [--patch|--minor|--major] [--redownload] [--strict] [--conservative]

DESCRIPTION
       Update  the  gems specified (all gems, if --all flag is used), ignoring
       the previously installed gems specified in the  Gemfile.lock.  In  gen-
       eral, you should use bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html to install
       the same exact gems and versions across machines.

       You would use bundle update to explicitly update the version of a gem.

OPTIONS
       --all  Update all gems specified in Gemfile.

       --group=<name>, -g=[<name>]
              Only update the gems in the specified group. For  instance,  you
              can  update all gems in the development group with bundle update
              --group development. You  can  also  call  bundle  update  rails
              --group  test  to  update the rails gem and all gems in the test
              group, for example.

       --source=<name>
              The name of a :git or :path source used in the  Gemfile(5).  For
              instance,        with        a        :git       source       of
              http://github.com/rails/rails.git, you would call bundle  update
              --source rails

       --local
              Do  not attempt to fetch gems remotely and use the gem cache in-
              stead.

       --ruby Update the locked version of Ruby  to  the  current  version  of
              Ruby.

       --bundler
              Update the locked version of bundler to the invoked bundler ver-
              sion.

       --full-index
              Fall back to using the single-file index of all gems.

       --jobs=[<number>], -j[<number>]
              Specify the number of jobs to run in parallel. The default is 1.

       --retry=[<number>]
              Retry failed network or git requests for number times.

       --quiet
              Only output warnings and errors.

       --redownload
              Force downloading every gem.

       --patch
              Prefer updating only to next patch version.

       --minor
              Prefer updating only to next minor version.

       --major
              Prefer updating to next major version (default).

       --strict
              Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest --patch | --minor
              | --major.

       --conservative
              Use bundle install conservative update behavior and do not allow
              shared dependencies to be updated.

UPDATING ALL GEMS
       If you run bundle update --all, bundler will ignore any previously  in-
       stalled  gems  and  resolve  all dependencies again based on the latest
       versions of all gems available in the sources.

       Consider the following Gemfile(5):

           source "https://rubygems.org"

           gem "rails", "3.0.0.rc"
           gem "nokogiri"

       When you run bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html  the  first  time,
       bundler will resolve all of the dependencies, all the way down, and in-
       stall what you need:

           Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
           Resolving dependencies...
           Installing builder 2.1.2
           Installing abstract 1.0.0
           Installing rack 1.2.8
           Using bundler 1.7.6
           Installing rake 10.4.0
           Installing polyglot 0.3.5
           Installing mime-types 1.25.1
           Installing i18n 0.4.2
           Installing mini_portile 0.6.1
           Installing tzinfo 0.3.42
           Installing rack-mount 0.6.14
           Installing rack-test 0.5.7
           Installing treetop 1.4.15
           Installing thor 0.14.6
           Installing activesupport 3.0.0.rc
           Installing erubis 2.6.6
           Installing activemodel 3.0.0.rc
           Installing arel 0.4.0
           Installing mail 2.2.20
           Installing activeresource 3.0.0.rc
           Installing actionpack 3.0.0.rc
           Installing activerecord 3.0.0.rc
           Installing actionmailer 3.0.0.rc
           Installing railties 3.0.0.rc
           Installing rails 3.0.0.rc
           Installing nokogiri 1.6.5

           Bundle complete! 2 Gemfile dependencies, 26 gems total.
           Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.

       As you can see, even though you have two gems in the  Gemfile(5),  your
       application  needs 26 different gems in order to run. Bundler remembers
       the exact versions it installed in Gemfile.lock. The next time you  run
       bundle  install(1)  bundle-install.1.html, bundler skips the dependency
       resolution and installs the same gems as it installed last time.

       After checking in the Gemfile.lock into version control and cloning  it
       on  another  machine,  running  bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html
       will still install the gems that you installed  last  time.  You  don't
       need to worry that a new release of erubis or mail changes the gems you
       use.

       However, from time to time, you might want to update the gems  you  are
       using  to  the  newest  versions that still match the gems in your Gem-
       file(5).

       To do this, run  bundle  update  --all,  which  will  ignore  the  Gem-
       file.lock,  and  resolve  all the dependencies again. Keep in mind that
       this process can result in a significantly  different  set  of  the  25
       gems,  based  on  the requirements of new gems that the gem authors re-
       leased since the last time you ran bundle update --all.

UPDATING A LIST OF GEMS
       Sometimes, you want to update a single gem in the Gemfile(5), and leave
       the  rest  of the gems that you specified locked to the versions in the
       Gemfile.lock.

       For instance, in the scenario above,  imagine  that  nokogiri  releases
       version 1.4.4, and you want to update it without updating Rails and all
       of its dependencies. To do this, run bundle update nokogiri.

       Bundler will update nokogiri and any of  its  dependencies,  but  leave
       alone Rails and its dependencies.

OVERLAPPING DEPENDENCIES
       Sometimes,  multiple  gems declared in your Gemfile(5) are satisfied by
       the same second-level dependency. For instance, consider  the  case  of
       thin and rack-perftools-profiler.

           source "https://rubygems.org"

           gem "thin"
           gem "rack-perftools-profiler"

       The  thin gem depends on rack >= 1.0, while rack-perftools-profiler de-
       pends on rack ~> 1.0. If you run bundle install, you get:

           Fetching source index for https://rubygems.org/
           Installing daemons (1.1.0)
           Installing eventmachine (0.12.10) with native extensions
           Installing open4 (1.0.1)
           Installing perftools.rb (0.4.7) with native extensions
           Installing rack (1.2.1)
           Installing rack-perftools_profiler (0.0.2)
           Installing thin (1.2.7) with native extensions
           Using bundler (1.0.0.rc.3)

       In this case, the two gems have their own set of dependencies, but they
       share  rack  in common. If you run bundle update thin, bundler will up-
       date daemons, eventmachine and rack, which are  dependencies  of  thin,
       but   not   open4   or   perftools.rb,   which   are   dependencies  of
       rack-perftools_profiler. Note that bundle update thin will update  rack
       even though it's also a dependency of rack-perftools_profiler.

       In  short,  by  default,  when  you  update  a gem using bundle update,
       bundler will update all dependencies of that gem, including those  that
       are also dependencies of another gem.

       To prevent updating shared dependencies, prior to version 1.14 the only
       option was the CONSERVATIVE UPDATING behavior in bundle install(1) bun-
       dle-install.1.html:

       In this scenario, updating the thin version manually in the Gemfile(5),
       and then running bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html will only  up-
       date  daemons and eventmachine, but not rack. For more information, see
       the CONSERVATIVE  UPDATING  section  of  bundle  install(1)  bundle-in-
       stall.1.html.

       Starting with 1.14, specifying the --conservative option will also pre-
       vent shared dependencies from being updated.

PATCH LEVEL OPTIONS
       Version 1.14 introduced 4 patch-level options that will  influence  how
       gem  versions  are  resolved. One of the following options can be used:
       --patch, --minor or --major. --strict can be added to further influence
       resolution.

       --patch
              Prefer updating only to next patch version.

       --minor
              Prefer updating only to next minor version.

       --major
              Prefer updating to next major version (default).

       --strict
              Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest --patch | --minor
              | --major.

       When Bundler is resolving what versions to use to satisfy declared  re-
       quirements  in the Gemfile or in parent gems, it looks up all available
       versions, filters out any versions that don't satisfy the  requirement,
       and  then,  by  default,  sorts them from newest to oldest, considering
       them in that order.

       Providing one of the patch level options  (e.g.  --patch)  changes  the
       sort  order of the satisfying versions, causing Bundler to consider the
       latest --patch or --minor version available before other versions. Note
       that versions outside the stated patch level could still be resolved to
       if necessary to find a suitable dependency graph.

       For example, if gem 'foo' is locked at 1.0.2, with no  gem  requirement
       defined  in the Gemfile, and versions 1.0.3, 1.0.4, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 2.0.0
       all exist, the default order of preference by default (--major) will be
       "2.0.0, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".

       If  the  --patch option is used, the order of preference will change to
       "1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 2.0.0".

       If the --minor option is used, the order of preference will  change  to
       "1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 2.0.0".

       Combining  the --strict option with any of the patch level options will
       remove any versions beyond the scope of the patch level option, to  en-
       sure that no gem is updated that far.

       To  continue the previous example, if both --patch and --strict options
       are used, the available versions for resolution would be "1.0.4, 1.0.3,
       1.0.2".  If  --minor  and --strict are used, it would be "1.1.1, 1.1.0,
       1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".

       Gem requirements as defined in the Gemfile will still be the first  de-
       termining  factor  for what versions are available. If the gem require-
       ment for foo in the Gemfile is '~> 1.0', that will accomplish the  same
       thing as providing the --minor and --strict options.

PATCH LEVEL EXAMPLES
       Given the following gem specifications:

           foo 1.4.3, requires: ~> bar 2.0
           foo 1.4.4, requires: ~> bar 2.0
           foo 1.4.5, requires: ~> bar 2.1
           foo 1.5.0, requires: ~> bar 2.1
           foo 1.5.1, requires: ~> bar 3.0
           bar with versions 2.0.3, 2.0.4, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 3.0.0

       Gemfile:

           gem 'foo'

       Gemfile.lock:

           foo (1.4.3)
             bar (~> 2.0)
           bar (2.0.3)

       Cases:

           #  Command Line                     Result
           ------------------------------------------------------------
           1  bundle update --patch            'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
           2  bundle update --patch foo        'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
           3  bundle update --minor            'foo 1.5.1', 'bar 3.0.0'
           4  bundle update --minor --strict   'foo 1.5.0', 'bar 2.1.1'
           5  bundle update --patch --strict   'foo 1.4.4', 'bar 2.0.4'

       In  case 1, bar is upgraded to 2.1.1, a minor version increase, because
       the dependency from foo 1.4.5 required it.

       In case 2, only foo is requested to be unlocked, but bar  is  also  al-
       lowed to move because it's not a declared dependency in the Gemfile.

       In  case 3, bar goes up a whole major release, because a minor increase
       is preferred now for foo, and when it goes to 1.5.1, it requires  3.0.0
       of bar.

       In case 4, foo is preferred up to a minor version, but 1.5.1 won't work
       because the --strict flag removes bar 3.0.0  from  consideration  since
       it's a major increment.

       In  case 5, both foo and bar have any minor or major increments removed
       from consideration because of the --strict flag, so the most  they  can
       move is up to 1.4.4 and 2.0.4.

RECOMMENDED WORKFLOW
       In  general, when working with an application managed with bundler, you
       should use the following workflow:

       o   After you create your Gemfile(5) for the first time, run

           $ bundle install

       o   Check the resulting Gemfile.lock into version control

           $ git add Gemfile.lock

       o   When checking out this repository on another  development  machine,
           run

           $ bundle install

       o   When checking out this repository on a deployment machine, run

           $ bundle install --deployment

       o   After  changing  the  Gemfile(5)  to reflect a new or update depen-
           dency, run

           $ bundle install

       o   Make sure to check the updated Gemfile.lock into version control

           $ git add Gemfile.lock

       o   If bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html reports a conflict, man-
           ually update the specific gems that you changed in the Gemfile(5)

           $ bundle update rails thin

       o   If  you want to update all the gems to the latest possible versions
           that still match the gems listed in the Gemfile(5), run

           $ bundle update --all

                                 January 2020                 BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)

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