TGAMMA(3) Linux Programmer's Manual TGAMMA(3)
NAME
tgamma, tgammaf, tgammal - true gamma function
SYNOPSIS
#include <math.h>
double tgamma(double x);
float tgammaf(float x);
long double tgammal(long double x);
Link with -lm.
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
tgamma(), tgammaf(), tgammal():
_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
DESCRIPTION
These functions calculate the Gamma function of x.
The Gamma function is defined by
Gamma(x) = integral from 0 to infinity of t^(x-1) e^-t dt
It is defined for every real number except for nonpositive integers.
For nonnegative integral m one has
Gamma(m+1) = m!
and, more generally, for all x:
Gamma(x+1) = x * Gamma(x)
Furthermore, the following is valid for all values of x outside the
poles:
Gamma(x) * Gamma(1 - x) = PI / sin(PI * x)
RETURN VALUE
On success, these functions return Gamma(x).
If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
If x is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
If x is a negative integer, or is negative infinity, a domain error oc-
curs, and a NaN is returned.
If the result overflows, a range error occurs, and the functions return
HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, or HUGE_VALL, respectively, with the correct math-
ematical sign.
If the result underflows, a range error occurs, and the functions re-
turn 0, with the correct mathematical sign.
If x is -0 or +0, a pole error occurs, and the functions return
HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, or HUGE_VALL, respectively, with the same sign as
the 0.
ERRORS
See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error
has occurred when calling these functions.
The following errors can occur:
Domain error: x is a negative integer, or negative infinity
errno is set to EDOM. An invalid floating-point exception
(FE_INVALID) is raised (but see BUGS).
Pole error: x is +0 or -0
errno is set to ERANGE. A divide-by-zero floating-point excep-
tion (FE_DIVBYZERO) is raised.
Range error: result overflow
errno is set to ERANGE. An overflow floating-point exception
(FE_OVERFLOW) is raised.
glibc also gives the following error which is not specified in C99 or
POSIX.1-2001.
Range error: result underflow
An underflow floating-point exception (FE_UNDERFLOW) is raised,
and errno is set to ERANGE.
VERSIONS
These functions first appeared in glibc in version 2.1.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see at-
tributes(7).
+-------------------------------+---------------+---------+
|Interface | Attribute | Value |
+-------------------------------+---------------+---------+
|tgamma(), tgammaf(), tgammal() | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
+-------------------------------+---------------+---------+
CONFORMING TO
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
NOTES
This function had to be called "true gamma function" since there is al-
ready a function gamma(3) that returns something else (see gamma(3) for
details).
BUGS
Before version 2.18, the glibc implementation of these functions did
not set errno to EDOM when x is negative infinity.
Before glibc 2.19, the glibc implementation of these functions did not
set errno to ERANGE on an underflow range error. x
In glibc versions 2.3.3 and earlier, an argument of +0 or -0 incor-
rectly produced a domain error (errno set to EDOM and an FE_INVALID ex-
ception raised), rather than a pole error.
SEE ALSO
gamma(3), lgamma(3)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 5.07 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
GNU 2017-09-15 TGAMMA(3)